2024 Landmark Supreme Court Judgments: Key Rulings – Part II

The year 2024 has been a pivotal one for the Indian judiciary, with the Supreme Court delivering a series of landmark judgments that have not only shaped legal precedents but also influenced the future of constitutional law. As we delve into 2024 landmark Supreme Court judgments, we explore the key rulings that have redefined the interpretation of the Constitution, addressed critical civil rights issues, and reaffirmed the power of judicial review. These decisions have addressed complex constitutional matters and provided clarity on vital questions of equality, privacy, and justice. In this second part of our series, we will discuss some of the most significant Supreme Court verdicts on civil rights, highlight high-profile court decisions in 2024, and analyze the impact of Supreme Court judgments on Indian law. We will also explore how these rulings are setting the stage for the future of legal precedent in India.

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1. M.K. Ranjitsinh vs Union of India (2024)

Issue: How should India protect the critically endangered Great Indian Bustard from extinction?

The Supreme Court addressed the pressing issue of protecting the Great Indian Bustard, a bird facing imminent extinction due to habitat destruction and collisions with overhead power lines in Gujarat and Rajasthan. Previously, the Court had imposed restrictions on overhead power lines, mandating that new power lines in these regions be installed underground. However, the Ministries of Power and New & Renewable Energy argued that such restrictions would hinder solar energy production.

Judgment: The Court overturned its earlier interim order, emphasizing the need for a balanced approach that protects both the environment and India’s renewable energy goals. The Court appointed an expert committee to assess whether underground power lines could be feasible and directed that bird diverters be installed on existing lines to mitigate risks.

Impact: This judgment highlights the complex interplay between environmental conservation and development. The Court recognized the importance of renewable energy in combating climate change while reaffirming its commitment to safeguarding biodiversity.

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2. Noble M Paikada vs Union of India (2024)

Issue: Is the 2020 exemption from environmental clearance for road and pipeline projects constitutional?

This case involved a challenge to a 2020 notification by the Ministry of Environment, which allowed soil extraction for road and pipeline construction projects without prior environmental clearance. The petitioner argued that such a sweeping exemption violated the constitutional right to a healthy environment.

Judgment: The Supreme Court struck down the exemption, declaring it unconstitutional. The Court noted that the 2020 notification had been issued hastily, without public consultation, and that it lacked sufficient safeguards to prevent environmental damage.

Impact: This ruling reinforced the principle that the government cannot bypass environmental protection measures in the name of development. It reaffirmed the right to live in a pollution-free environment under Article 21 of the Constitution.

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3. Association for Democratic Reforms vs Election Commission of India (2024)

Issue: Should Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) be discontinued or should there be 100% verification of votes via Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT)?

Judgment: The Court upheld the use of EVMs and rejected the demand for 100% VVPAT verification. The current system, which allows for random checks of VVPAT slips in five polling stations per constituency, was deemed sufficient to ensure election transparency. The Court did, however, issue further procedural safeguards to enhance the system.

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4. Mineral Area Development Authority vs Steel Authority of India (2024)

Issue: Can states impose taxes on mineral rights and mine-bearing lands, and is royalty a form of tax?

Judgment: The Nine-Judge Bench ruled that royalty on mining leases is not a tax. While states have the power to impose taxes on mineral rights under Entry 50 of List II, such power is subject to limitations imposed by Parliament. However, the Court found that the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act does not limit states’ taxing power.

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5. Gene Campaign vs Union of India (2024)

Issue: Is the Union Government’s approval for the environmental release of genetically modified mustard (DMH-11) lawful?

Judgment: The Division Bench delivered a split verdict. Justice Nagarathna invalidated the approval citing procedural flaws and risks to public health, while Justice Karol upheld it, emphasizing the need for continued field trials. The case was referred to a larger bench.

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Conclusion

The 2024 Supreme Court judgments have been transformative, reinforcing the judiciary’s role as the ultimate guardian of constitutional values and civil liberties. From strengthening the principles of equality and personal freedom to ensuring judicial review remains a vital check on governmental power, these landmark rulings will resonate throughout India’s legal landscape for years to come. Whether it’s reshaping the understanding of constitutional rights or tackling high-profile issues like privacy and gender equality, the decisions of 2024 are setting a strong foundation for future legal precedents. As we continue to witness the evolution of the Indian legal system, these judgments remind us of the Supreme Court’s essential role in shaping the nation’s legal, social, and political fabric.

Related Posts-

1. Landmark Supreme Court Judgments of 2024: A Deep Dive into Key Rulings- Part I
2. Landmark Supreme Court Judgments of India: Shaping the Nation’s Legal Landscape
3. Why Landmark Judgments of the Supreme Court Are Crucial for Indian Society

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